Cardiovascular

Inflammation marker specific to vascular plaque; elevated levels increase cardiovascular event risk.

Amino acid; elevated levels suggest B-vitamin deficiency (B12, folate, B6) and increase cardiovascular and stroke risk.

Sum of all cholesterol particles; broad cardiovascular risk indicator.

Balance of atherogenic particles (ApoB) against protective ones (ApoA1); one of the strongest single ratios for predicting cardiovascular risk.

'Good' cholesterol; higher levels protect against cardiovascular disease.

LDL ('bad') cholesterol estimated by calculation from your other lipids; the primary target for cardiovascular risk reduction.

All cholesterol carried by artery-clogging particles (total minus HDL); often a better risk predictor than LDL alone, especially with high triglycerides.

Total cholesterol divided by HDL, a quick snapshot of cardiovascular risk that accounts for your protective cholesterol.

Measures the amount of fibrinogen, a clotting protein that also rises with inflammation and is linked to cardiovascular risk.

The total number of LDL particles by NMR; often a more accurate measure of cardiovascular risk than LDL cholesterol when the two disagree.

The average size of your HDL ('good cholesterol') particles, measured by NMR; size influences how protective HDL is.

The total number of HDL particles (by NMR); particle count can refine cardiovascular risk beyond HDL cholesterol alone.

The number of large HDL particles by NMR, the subfraction most associated with reverse cholesterol transport and protection.

The average size of your LDL particles by NMR; smaller, denser LDL is more likely to lodge in artery walls.

The number of small, dense LDL particles by NMR, the most artery-damaging LDL subtype and strongly tied to insulin resistance.

The average size of VLDL particles by NMR; VLDL carries triglycerides, and large VLDL relates to metabolic risk.

The number of large, triglyceride-rich VLDL particles by NMR; a marker of metabolic and cardiovascular risk.

The absolute number of lymphocytes counted manually on the smear, the white cells central to fighting viruses and building immunity.

A visual estimate of platelet numbers from the blood smear, used to confirm the automated platelet count.

The percentage of plasma cells, antibody-producing cells normally found in the marrow, not the blood.

The absolute number of circulating plasma cells (antibody-producing cells), normally near zero in blood.

The percentage of prolymphocytes, immature lymphocyte precursors not normally seen in blood.

The absolute number of prolymphocytes (immature lymphocytes), normally absent from circulating blood.

The absolute number of reactive (atypical) lymphocytes activated in response to infection.

Genetically determined atherogenic particle that independently raises heart and stroke risk.

Main protein in HDL ('good' cholesterol); higher levels are cardioprotective.

Protein on every atherogenic ('bad') particle (LDL, VLDL, Lp(a)); often more predictive of cardiac risk than LDL-C.

A descriptive review of red cells, white cells, and platelets under the microscope; flags shape or size abnormalities a machine count can miss.

Blood fat from diet and liver production; high levels increase cardiac and pancreatitis risk.