Every lab marker, mapped to how you feel.

The absolute number of immature (band) neutrophils in your blood, an early sign the body is mobilizing to fight an infection.

The absolute number of basophils, white cells that drive histamine release in allergic and inflammatory responses.

The absolute number of blasts (immature precursor cells) in blood, normally zero since these cells belong in the marrow.

The absolute number of eosinophils, white cells involved in allergic responses and parasite defense.

The absolute number of lymphocytes, the white cells central to fighting viruses and building long-term immunity.

The absolute number of metamyelocytes (immature neutrophil precursors), normally zero in circulating blood.

The absolute number of monocytes, white cells that engulf pathogens and support immune cleanup and repair.

The absolute number of myelocytes (immature granulocyte precursors), normally zero in blood.

The absolute number of neutrophils, the key value (the ANC) for gauging the body's ability to fight bacterial infection.

The absolute number of immature, nucleated red blood cells in circulation, normally absent in adults.

The absolute number of promyelocytes (early granulocyte precursors), normally zero in blood.

Main protein in blood; reflects liver synthesis, nutritional status, and inflammation.

The ratio of albumin to all other blood proteins (globulins); helps interpret total protein and flag liver, kidney, or immune disorders.

Enzyme from liver, bone, and placenta; elevations point to bone turnover, liver disease, or pregnancy.

Liver enzyme; elevations indicate liver cell injury from fatty liver disease, hepatitis, medications, or alcohol.

Liver and muscle enzyme; with ALT, evaluates liver injury patterns.

The percentage of young, immature neutrophils (bands) among your white cells; a rise (a 'left shift') means the marrow is rushing out cells to fight infection.

The percentage of basophils, the rarest white cell, which release histamine in allergic and inflammatory reactions.

Total breakdown product of red blood cells; high levels cause jaundice.

The percentage of blasts, very immature precursor cells that should stay in the bone marrow; their appearance in blood always warrants attention.

The ratio of two kidney waste products; helps tell whether a rise in kidney markers comes from dehydration versus kidney damage.

Essential mineral for bones, nerves, and muscles; tightly regulated by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D.

Mostly bicarbonate, the blood's main buffer; part of the metabolic panel used to assess acid-base balance.

Major electrolyte; evaluates acid-base balance and hydration with sodium and bicarbonate.

A muscle waste product cleared by the kidneys; the core marker used to estimate kidney filtration (eGFR).

Estimated glomerular filtration rate from creatinine, the standard measure of how well your kidneys filter blood.

The percentage of eosinophils, white cells that fight parasites and drive allergic inflammation.

All blood proteins other than albumin, including antibodies and transport proteins; reflects immune activity and inflammation.

Blood sugar level; foundational metabolic test.

Percentage of blood volume that is red blood cells; lower in anemia.

Oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells; primary anemia screen.

High-sensitivity CRP; cardiovascular inflammation marker at low ranges.

The percentage of lymphocytes, the white cells (T, B, and NK cells) that run your adaptive immune response.

The average amount of hemoglobin packed into each red blood cell; helps classify the type of anemia.

The concentration of hemoglobin within red cells; helps distinguish types of anemia.

The average size of your red blood cells; the first clue to whether an anemia is from iron deficiency, B12/folate deficiency, or another cause.

The percentage of metamyelocytes, immature neutrophil precursors not normally seen in blood; their appearance signals marrow stress.

The percentage of monocytes, white cells that clear debris and become tissue macrophages during infection and healing.

The average size of your platelets; younger, larger platelets suggest the marrow is actively producing them.

The percentage of myelocytes, immature granulocyte precursors normally confined to the marrow.

The percentage of neutrophils, your most abundant white cell and first responder to bacterial infection.

Immature red blood cells that still contain a nucleus, expressed per 100 white cells; rarely seen in healthy adults.

Number of platelets in blood; low counts increase bleeding risk.

Serum potassium — standard electrolyte assessment.

The percentage of promyelocytes, early granulocyte precursors that belong in the marrow, not the bloodstream.

Total protein in blood; reflects nutrition, liver synthesis, and inflammation.

How much your red blood cells vary in size; helps pinpoint the cause of anemia and flags early nutrient deficiencies.

The percentage of reactive (atypical) lymphocytes, normal lymphocytes that look enlarged while responding to infection.

Number of red cells per volume; evaluates anemia and polycythemia.

Major electrolyte; evaluates hydration and brain/kidney homeostasis.

The total number of white blood cells, your immune system's frontline defense against infection.

Steroid precursor that helps diagnose 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency, a form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).

Adrenal steroid intermediate; used to evaluate 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency and adrenal androgen production.

Primary screening test for non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone from the pituitary; distinguishes pituitary, adrenal, and ectopic causes of cortisol disorders.

Adrenal hormone regulating sodium, potassium, and blood pressure; high levels suggest primary aldosteronism.

Morning cortisol when levels peak; screens for adrenal insufficiency and Cushing's syndrome.

Mass-spectrometry cortisol; more accurate than immunoassay, especially when other steroids are elevated.

Master precursor steroid that becomes all other steroid hormones.

Antibody class found in mucosal surfaces; low levels suggest IgA deficiency which affects celiac testing.

Antibody mediating allergic reactions; total IgE rises in allergy, asthma, and parasitic infection.

Main antibody class; reflects long-term immune memory and immune competence.

Mast cell enzyme; elevated in mastocytosis, anaphylaxis, and mast cell activation syndrome.

Acute-phase protein that rises with inflammation, infection, or tissue damage.

Immunofluorescence-based ANA screen with automatic titer, pattern, and 11-antibody follow-up if positive.

Acute-phase protein that rises with systemic inflammation.

Antiphospholipid antibody; persistently positive results suggest antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), a clotting disorder.

Acute-phase antiphospholipid antibody; combined with IgG helps diagnose antiphospholipid syndrome.

Highly specific autoantibody for rheumatoid arthritis; often positive before symptoms appear.

Celiac disease antibody; more useful than older anti-gliadin tests and especially helpful in IgA-deficient patients.

Autoantibody specific for antisynthetase syndrome, a subset of inflammatory myositis with lung involvement.

Older RA autoantibody; less specific than CCP but still part of the workup.

ESR — nonspecific inflammation marker.

First-line celiac disease antibody.

IgG version used when patient is IgA-deficient.

Bone resorption marker that shows how fast bone is being broken down.

Bone formation marker (P1NP); rises with new bone formation.

Parathyroid hormone — regulates calcium and bone metabolism.

Storage form of vitamin D; foundational deficiency screen.

Fat-soluble vitamin essential for clotting and bone health.

Main protein in HDL ('good' cholesterol); higher levels are cardioprotective.

Protein on every atherogenic ('bad') particle (LDL, VLDL, Lp(a)); often more predictive of cardiac risk than LDL-C.

Released by stressed heart muscle; elevated in heart failure and helps differentiate cardiac vs. pulmonary causes of shortness of breath.

Sum of all cholesterol particles; broad cardiovascular risk indicator.

Direct measurement of LDL cholesterol (vs. calculated); more accurate when triglycerides are high or after meals.

'Good' cholesterol; higher levels protect against cardiovascular disease.

Amino acid; elevated levels suggest B-vitamin deficiency (B12, folate, B6) and increase cardiovascular and stroke risk.

High-sensitivity CRP; cardiovascular inflammation marker at low ranges.

Genetically determined atherogenic particle that independently raises heart and stroke risk.

Inflammation marker specific to vascular plaque; elevated levels increase cardiovascular event risk.

Oxidized LDL particles — more atherogenic than native LDL.

Small dense LDL particles — the most atherogenic LDL subtype.

Gut-microbiome-derived metabolite linked to cardiovascular and kidney disease risk.

Blood fat from diet and liver production; high levels increase cardiac and pancreatitis risk.

Iron storage protein; low levels diagnose iron deficiency before anemia develops.

Iron in circulation; part of iron studies along with TIBC, ferritin, and saturation.

Number of platelets in blood; low counts increase bleeding risk.

Iron-transport protein; rises in iron deficiency.

Detects past or chronic exposure to Candida yeast.

Detects recent or active CMV infection.

Marker of active or recently active EBV infection; elevated in chronic active EBV.

Two-tier Lyme disease testing — screening assay with confirmatory Western blot.

Confirms immunity to rubella (German measles).

The biologically active form of calcium, independent of albumin levels.

Indicator of tissue hypoxia, sepsis, or metabolic stress.

Essential mineral; deficiency causes muscle cramps, fatigue, and arrhythmia.

Magnesium inside red cells; reflects long-term tissue stores better than serum magnesium.

Measures blood concentration; evaluates hydration, sodium disorders, and pituitary function.

Mineral important for bone, energy (ATP), and cell membranes.

Plasma potassium — slightly different from serum; important for heart and muscle function.

Serum potassium — standard electrolyte assessment.

Kidney function marker influenced by hydration and protein intake.

Purine metabolism end-product; high levels cause gout and kidney stones.

Liver enzyme; elevations indicate liver cell injury from fatty liver disease, hepatitis, medications, or alcohol.

Protein that protects lungs and liver from enzyme damage; deficiency causes early lung and liver disease.

Toxic nitrogen byproduct cleared by the liver; elevations cause confusion and indicate severe liver dysfunction.

Liver and muscle enzyme; with ALT, evaluates liver injury patterns.

The conjugated (water-soluble) form of bilirubin; elevations suggest bile-duct obstruction or hepatocellular disease.

Copper-carrying protein; low levels suggest Wilson's disease, high levels reflect inflammation or estrogen state.

Liver enzyme sensitive to alcohol use and bile-duct obstruction; rises in fatty liver disease.

Enzyme released from damaged cells in many tissues; elevated in hemolysis, tissue injury, and some cancers.

Short-half-life protein; reflects recent nutritional status better than albumin.

Total protein in blood; reflects nutrition, liver synthesis, and inflammation.

Measures 1,5-AG, a sugar that drops when blood glucose spikes; reflects glucose excursions over the past 1–2 weeks.

Hormone secreted by fat cells that improves insulin sensitivity and has anti-inflammatory effects; low levels associate with metabolic syndrome.

Byproduct of insulin production; distinguishes endogenous insulin (made by pancreas) from injected insulin and assesses beta-cell function.

Reflects average blood glucose over the past 2–3 weeks (shorter window than A1c).

Hormone that raises blood sugar; opposes insulin and helps evaluate rare pancreatic tumors.

Pituitary hormone affecting growth and metabolism; abnormal in acromegaly and GH deficiency.

Average blood glucose over the past ~3 months; diagnoses and monitors diabetes.

A1c with automatic 1,5-AG follow-up when A1c is borderline; captures glucose excursions A1c misses.

Hormone that lowers blood sugar; elevated levels indicate insulin resistance.

Hormone made by fat cells signaling satiety; elevated in obesity and decreased in malnutrition.

Autoantibody in type 1 diabetes; helps distinguish T1D from T2D and LADA.

Identifies ABO blood type (A, B, AB, or O).

Muscle enzyme used to evaluate inflammatory muscle disease like polymyositis and dermatomyositis.

Pancreatic enzyme that rises with pancreatitis.

Screens for red blood cell antibodies that could cause transfusion reactions or hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Enzyme released from damaged muscle; evaluates muscle injury, statin myopathy, and inflammatory myopathies.

Hormone that stimulates stomach acid; elevated in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and on acid-suppressing medications.

Pancreatic enzyme more specific than amylase for pancreatitis.

Screens for sickle hemoglobin (HbS).

Adrenal and ovarian androgen precursor that converts to testosterone and estrogen.

Produced by ovarian follicles; reflects remaining egg supply (ovarian reserve).

Adrenal androgen precursor; reflects adrenal androgen production and declines with age.

Potent androgen converted from testosterone by 5-alpha-reductase; drives hair follicle and skin androgen effects.

Primary estrogen during reproductive years; produced by ovaries.

High-sensitivity mass-spec estradiol; accurate at very low levels (menopause, pediatric, men).

Estrogen made by the placenta during pregnancy; low levels signal fetal/placental dysfunction.

Sum of all major estrogens (E1, E2, E3); broad estrogen status snapshot.

Weaker estrogen that becomes the dominant estrogen after menopause; made in fat tissue.

Pituitary hormone that drives ovarian follicle growth; rises with ovarian decline.

Quantitative blood hCG; tracks pregnancy progression and detects ectopic or molar pregnancy.

Pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation and supports luteal phase.

Confirms ovulation and supports luteal phase; rises in second half of cycle and pregnancy.

Mass-spec progesterone — more accurate than immunoassay, especially at low levels.

Pituitary hormone that drives lactation; elevations cause cycle irregularity and infertility.

Protein that binds sex hormones; controls how much is biologically active.

Biologically active testosterone — what's actually working at tissues.

Mass-spec total testosterone; accurate at low female-range levels.

Hormone from thyroid C-cells; elevated levels suggest medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Inactive form of T3; rises with stress, illness, or extreme calorie restriction.

Total triiodothyronine — active thyroid hormone in protein-bound and free forms.

Older measure used to derive Free Thyroxine Index; largely replaced by direct Free T4.

Biologically active thyroid hormone available to tissues.

Biologically active form of T4; key thyroid hormone test alongside TSH.

Gold-standard Free T4 measurement by equilibrium dialysis.

Autoantibody seen in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and after thyroid cancer treatment.

Sequential thyroid testing — TSH first, then Free T4, then T3 or antibodies as needed.

Most sensitive antibody for autoimmune thyroid disease (Hashimoto's, Graves').

Pituitary hormone that controls the thyroid; first-line thyroid screen.

TSH with automatic Free T4 if TSH is abnormal — efficient thyroid screening.

Measures recent arsenic exposure from water, food, or occupational sources.

Toxic heavy metal from smoking, food, and industrial exposure that accumulates in kidneys and bones.

Toxic metal from fish consumption and dental amalgams; methylmercury crosses the placenta.

Same as arsenic blood test; part of a comprehensive micronutrient assessment.

Cadmium as part of a micronutrient panel.

Lead testing within a broader nutrient/toxic metal panel.

Mercury within a broader nutrient/toxic metal panel.

Essential trace mineral involved in insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.

Trace metal; component of vitamin B12 and marker of joint implant wear from metal-on-metal prostheses.

Antioxidant essential for mitochondrial energy production; depleted by statins and age.

Essential trace mineral; deficiency causes anemia and neuropathy, excess suggests Wilson's disease.

Copper inside red cells; more reflective of tissue stores than serum copper.

Folate inside red blood cells; reflects long-term folate status better than serum folate.

Current circulating folate; reflects recent intake.

Serum iodine; reflects very recent intake and supplementation.

Rises with B12 deficiency before serum B12 falls; more sensitive detection of true deficiency.

Chromium status as part of broader micronutrient testing.

Cobalt as part of comprehensive trace metal testing.

CoQ10 as part of an energy/mitochondrial assessment.

Copper status in plasma.

Folate status as part of micronutrient panel.

Iron status as part of a comprehensive nutrient panel.

RBC magnesium as a sensitive measure of stores within a micronutrient panel.

Manganese as part of a comprehensive trace metal assessment.

Selenium status — important for thyroid function and antioxidant defense.

Vitamin A within a comprehensive nutrient panel.

Thiamine status within a nutrient panel.

B12 status within a comprehensive panel.

Pantothenic acid status.

Vitamin B6 within a nutrient panel.

Zinc status within a comprehensive nutrient panel.

Trace mineral important for antioxidant defense and thyroid function.

Fat-soluble vitamin for vision, immunity, and reproduction; excess is teratogenic.

Mass-spec thiamine measurement.

Essential for nerves, red cells, and DNA; deficiency causes anemia and neuropathy.

Cofactor for many enzymes and energy production.

Cofactor for neurotransmitters, hemoglobin, and homocysteine metabolism.

Antioxidant and collagen cofactor; supports iron absorption and immune function.

Trace mineral for immunity, skin, wound healing, and hormone synthesis.

Zinc inside red cells; more sensitive for long-term status than plasma zinc.